In the heart of Western Zambia, nestled near the border with Angola, lies the town of Mongu. It is here, among the flood plains of the Zambezi River, that the predominantly Mbunda-speaking people engage in the intricate craft of weaving baskets from the roots of the Makenge bush. These baskets, renowned for their rugged and unique design, often draw comparisons to wood due to their remarkable strength and stiffness.
The Rich History of Makenge Basket Weaving
The Mbunda people, originally from Angola, settled in this Lozi tribal area in the late 1700s. Despite the region's isolation and its status as one of Zambia's poorest areas, the Mbunda have preserved and perfected their traditional weaving techniques over generations. This craft is more than a means of creating functional items; it is a testament to their resilience and cultural heritage.
A Sustainable Resource
Makenge bushes, thriving near water sources throughout Mongu, are integral to the weaving process. These bushes send out long, shallow roots that are easily dug up from the sandy soil. The weavers cut the last two-thirds of these roots, a process that stimulates the bush to regenerate, producing two new roots at each cut site. This sustainable harvesting method ensures a continual supply of weaving material, as the roots can grow up to three feet per month.
Once harvested, the roots undergo a meticulous preparation process. The outer part of the root is split into fibers for wrapping around basket coils, while the interior is used within the coils themselves. The timing of the root harvest in relation to the rainy season influences the final appearance of the baskets, imparting varying degrees of shine.
The Intricate Weaving Process
Creating a Makenge basket is a labor-intensive endeavor that spans several days. The first day is dedicated to digging up the roots, followed by three days of peeling and preparing the fibers. Another day is set aside for dying the fibers, using natural colors derived from roots and leaves boiled with the Makenge fibers. The dyed fibers are then dried for at least a day and re-wet as needed during the weaving process.
The actual weaving, undertaken by skilled women, can take several days. These women, organized into cooperatives, manage small weaving groups of around twelve members. The cooperative structure not only facilitates the weaving process but also empowers these rural women by providing them with a source of income to support their families.
Empowerment Through Fair Trade
For the women of Mongu, basket weaving is more than just a traditional craft; it is a vital economic activity. Through their cooperative efforts, these women gain financial independence and the ability to support their children and extended families. The fair trade system ensures that their work is fairly compensated, fostering a sense of community and mutual support.
The Makenge baskets of Mongu, Zambia, are not just utilitarian items; they are symbols of cultural heritage, sustainability, and empowerment. Each basket tells a story of tradition, resilience, and the enduring spirit of the Mbunda people. As you hold one of these beautifully crafted baskets, you are not just appreciating a piece of art but also supporting a community and its age-old traditions.
